Piping Wikipedia. Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids liquids and gases from one location to another. Piping Handbook Mcgraw-Hill' title='Piping Handbook Mcgraw-Hill' />Chapter 41 Fire BASIC CONCEPTS. Dougal Drysdale. The Chemistry and Physics of Fire. Fire is a manifestation of uncontrolled combustion. It involves combustible. What is the proper way to convert a bending moment on a pipe into an equivalent pressure acting upon a flanged joint Ive heard that ASME Sec. III has equation. Help for calculating maximum allowable piping pressure according to the ASME pressure piping code B31. Applets are programs based on the java language that are. By Mohinder L. Nayyar Abstract Instant answers to your toughest questions on piping components and systems Septic System Life Expectancy Guide for Septic Systems, Septic Tanks, Septic Drainfields and other septic components Life Expectancy of Septic Systems and Their. I/513tS4qGoyL.jpg' alt='Piping Handbook Mcgraw-Hill' title='Piping Handbook Mcgraw-Hill' />The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid. Industrial process piping and accompanying in line components can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in line components, known as fittings,3valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of piping design or piping engineering. Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams P IDs. If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process. Piping sometimes refers to piping design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called drafting, technical drawing, engineering drawing, and design, but is today commonly performed by designers that have learned to use automated computer aided drawing or computer aided design CAD software. Plumbing is a piping system with which most people are familiar, as it constitutes the form of fluid transportation that is used to provide potable water and fuels to their homes and businesses. Plumbing pipes also remove waste in the form of sewage, and allow venting of sewage gases to the outdoors. Limbo 2 Full Version'>Limbo 2 Full Version. Fire sprinkler systems also use piping, and may transport nonpotable or potable water, or other fire suppression fluids. Piping also has many other industrial applications, which are crucial for moving raw and semi processed fluids for refining into more useful products. Some of the more exotic materials of construction are Inconel, titanium, chrome moly and various other steel alloys. Engineering subfieldseditGenerally, industrial piping engineering has three major subfields Piping material. Piping design. Stress analysis. Radeon 9600 Agp Driver. Stress analysiseditProcess piping and power piping are typically checked by pipe stress engineers to verify that the routing, nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under different loads such as sustained loads, operating loads, pressure testing loads, etc., as stipulated by the ASME B3. EN 1. 34. 80 or any other applicable codes and standards. It is necessary to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the piping under regular loads internal pressure and thermal stresses as well under occasional and intermittent loading cases such as earthquake, high wind or special vibration, and water hammer. This evaluation is usually performed with the assistance of a specialized finite element pipe stress analysis computer programs such as CAEPIPE6 and CAESAR. In cryogenic pipe supports, most steel become more brittle as the temperature decreases from normal operating conditions, so it is necessary to know the temperature distribution for cryogenic conditions. Steel structures will have areas of high stress that may be caused by sharp corners in the design, or inclusions in the material. MaterialseditThe material with which a pipe is manufactured often forms as the basis for choosing any pipe. Materials that are used for manufacturing pipes include Carbon steel. ASTM A2. 52 Spec Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3 Steel Pile Pipe. Low temperature service carbon steel. Stainless steel. Nonferrous metals, e. Nonmetallic, e. g. Teflon lined, PVC, etc. HistoryeditEarly wooden pipes were constructed out of logs that had a large hole bored lengthwise through the center. Later wooden pipes were constructed with staves and hoops similar to wooden barrel construction. Stave pipes have the advantage that they are easily transported as a compact pile of parts on a wagon and then assembled as a hollow structure at the job site. Wooden pipes were especially popular in mountain regions where transport of heavy iron or concrete pipes would have been difficult. Wooden pipes were easier to maintain than metal, because the wood did not expand or contract with temperature changes as much as metal and so consequently expansion joints and bends were not required. The thickness of wood afforded some insulating properties to the pipes which helped prevent freezing as compared to metal pipes. Wood used for water pipes also does not rot very easily. Electrolysis, that bugbear of many iron pipe systems, doesnt affect wood pipes at all, since wood is a much better electrical insulator. In the Western United States where redwood was used for pipe construction, it was found that redwood had peculiar properties that protected it from weathering, acids, insects, and fungus growths. Redwood pipes stayed smooth and clean indefinitely while iron pipe by comparison would rapidly begin to scale and corrode and could eventually plug itself up with the corrosion. StandardseditThere are certain standard codes that need to be followed while designing or manufacturing any piping system. Organizations that promulgate piping standards include See alsoeditReferenceseditFurther readingeditExternal linksedit. Flangia Wikipedia. Accoppiamento a flange per tubi ad alta pressione. In corrispondenza dellaccoppiamento tra le flange compare un filo attaccato ai tiranti esso ha la funzione di annullare il potenziale elettrico esistente tra le due flange, in modo da evitare la generazione di correnti galvaniche. La flangia o brida o briglia un pezzo meccanico destinato ad un accoppiamento non permanente di altri pezzi mediante viti o bulloni. Linsieme di un tubo delimitato dalle flange esse comprese viene denominato spool. Le flange possono essere classificate Relativamente alla superficie di tenutapiane flat facea gradino raised facea guarnizione metallica con sezione ottagonale o ellittica ring jointa incameratura semplice grooveda incameratura doppia tongue and grooveRelativamente al sistema di fissaggio al tuboa saldare a sovrapposizione slip ona saldare di testa welding necka saldare a tasca socket weldcon anello dappoggio lap joint e swivelfilettate threadedcieche blindOltre che per il tipo di finiture, un altro modo per classificare le flange il rating, che dipende dalle dimensioni e dalla massima pressione ammissibile. Alcuni tipi di rating sono ANSI 1. ANSI 3. 00, ANSI 6. ANSI 9. 00, ANSI 1. ANSI 2. 50. 0, PN 1. PN 1. 6, PN 2. 5, PN 4. PN 6. 4, PN 1. 00, PN 1. PN 2. 50. Le flange per uso idraulico sono state oggetto di normalizzazione gi dal XIX secolo. Nel tempo, si adottato un sistema relativamente semplice per la normalizzazione, per il quale le flange sono classificate in base alla pressione nominale, ossia alla pressione che laccoppiamento flangiato pu sopportare in piena sicurezza a temperatura ambiente. Come per altre normalizzazioni idrauliche, vi sono altre forme di classificazione, per casi particolari ma la stragrande maggioranza delle flange oggi in uso segue una di queste normalizzazioni ANSIASME B1. B1. 6. 4. 7 In uso negli USA e in genere nellindustria del petrolio. EN 1. 51. 4 In uso nel resto del mondo. Editor Mc. Ketta, John J., Piping Design Handbook, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1. ISBN 0 8. 24. 7 8. EN Robert Perry, Don W. Green, Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 8 ed., Mc. Graw Hill, 2. 00. ISBN 0 0. 7 1. 42. Mohinder Nayyar, Piping Handbook, Seventh Edition, New York, Mc. Graw Hill, 1. 99. ISBN 0 0. 7 0. 47.